Investigating the Ethical Dimensions of Government Civil Liability for the Biosphere

Background: Responsibility is a moral component. Liability usually arises from liability, according to which the person is legally liable for the damage he or she has caused to another. One of the most important parts of civil law is civil liability, and since the main purpose of civil liability rules is to compensate for material and moral damages and to repair the damage, the government is no exception to this rule. Obviously, sometimes this responsibility takes on a global dimension and obliges governments to be accountable. This article attempts to describe the ethical dimensions of governments' civil liability for "biosphere". Conclusion: Examining the responsibility of countries from the perspective of ethics, opinions and judicial procedures is one of the necessities of protection and exploitation of the world environment. The next responsibility is moral, and the ethics embedded in the civil liability of governments are based on a range of intrinsic value principles that are twofold in human-centered and ecological-centered. In recent years, proper human interaction with the world and the solution of global crises have been sought in returning to the foundations of judicial procedures in the international system. Compared to other countries in the world, unfortunately, it must be admitted that Iran has not had an acceptable record in this field due to the problems caused by environmental pollution and damage to the world environment, the lack of accountability of the government and the inefficiency of the judiciary. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent damage to the global environment by designing and developing preventive measures and adopting precise and comprehensive laws and regulations in this field.